In Russian, personal pronouns share the same forms for both the Accusative (direct object) and Genitive (possession, negation, and specific prepositions) cases. This overlap is a key feature of the language, particularly for animate subjects.
The Accusative is primarily used for the direct object of a verb.
The Genitive is used to indicate possession, absence (negation), or after certain prepositions.
A unique rule in Russian is that 3rd-person pronouns (он, она́, оно́, они́) gain an initial н- (n) when they follow a simple preposition. This makes the pronouns easier to pronounce.
Note: Some compound prepositions (like вне - "outside") or those governing the Dative case (like благодаря́ - "thanks to") do not require this н- prefix (e.g., благодаря́ ему́).
In poetry or older literature, you may encounter shortened forms like у ней (u ney) instead of у неё or от ней (ot ney) instead of от неё. These are generally not used in modern standard speech.
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