Partial (Wh-) Questions in French
Partial questions are used when you need specific information rather than a simple "yes" or "no." These questions use interrogative pronouns and adjectives to ask about people, things, or choices.
1. People vs. Things: Qui, Que, and Quoi
The words you use depend on whether you are asking about a person or an object.
- For People (Qui): Used as a subject or object. In spoken French, "est-ce que" is often added for emphasis.
- Qui vient ? (Who is coming?)
- Qui est-ce qui vient ? (Who is it that is coming?)
- Qui cherchez-vous ? (Who are you looking for?)
- For Things (Que / Quoi): Que is used at the beginning of a sentence, while quoi is used after a preposition or at the end of a casual sentence.
- Que faites-vous ? (What are you doing?)
- Qu'est-ce que tu fais ? (What is it that you're doing?)
- À quoi penses-tu ? (What are you thinking about?)
- Avec quoi écris-tu ? (What are you writing with?)
2. Making a Choice: Lequel
The pronoun lequel (which one) is used when choosing from a specific group. It must agree in gender and number with the noun it replaces.
- Lequel (Masculine Singular) / Laquelle (Feminine Singular)
- Lesquels (Masculine Plural) / Lesquelles (Feminine Plural)
Examples:
- Laquelle est la plus jeune ? (Which one is the youngest? - referring to a female)
- Lequel choisissez-vous ? (Which one are you choosing?)
When used with the prepositions à or de, they contract:
- à + lequel = auquel / à + lesquels = auxquels
- de + lequel = duquel / de + lesquels = desquels
- Auquel dois-je m’adresser ? (To which one should I speak?)
- Duquel parlez-vous ? (Which one are you talking about?)
3. Interrogative Adjectives: Quel
The adjective quel (which/what) is placed directly before a noun or used with the verb être. It must agree with the noun.
- Quel est votre nom de famille ? (What is your last name?)
- Quels sports pratiquez-vous ? (Which sports do you play?)
- Pour quelle entreprise travaille votre frère ? (For which company does your brother work?)
You can use different registers (formal to casual) with these:
Formal: Quels sports pratiquez-vous ?
Standard: Quels sports est-ce que vous pratiquez ?