In German, most verbs follow a regular pattern in the present tense. However, a specific group of strong verbs undergoes a vowel change in the 2nd person singular (du) and 3rd person singular (er/sie/es). For verbs with the vowel "a" or the diphthong "au" in their stem, this change usually involves adding an Umlaut.
The most common change is from "a" to "ä". Note that this change only happens in the singular forms for "you" (informal) and "he/she/it." The plural forms and the "ich" form remain regular.
Example: fahren (to drive)
Example: schlafen (to sleep)
Verbs containing "au" change to "äu". The pronunciation changes from an "ow" sound (as in "house") to an "oy" sound (as in "boy").
Example: laufen (to run/walk)
Rule of Thumb: If a verb stem has an "a" and it is a "strong verb," expect an umlaut in the du and er/sie/es forms. If you are unsure, it is always best to check a conjugation table, as regular verbs like machen (to do) do not change (er macht).
Common verbs with this change:
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