The German Modal Verbs: Part 2 (Necessity, Duty, and Intention)
This group includes verbs of obligation and will. Like the first group, the 1st and 3rd person singular have no endings. This section also includes wissen, which conjugates like a modal verb even though it describes a fact.
1. Present Tense Conjugation
- mรผssen (must / to have to): ich muss, du musst, er muss, wir mรผssen, ihr mรผsst, sie mรผssen.
- sollen (should / to be supposed to): ich soll, du sollst, er soll, wir sollen, ihr sollt, sie sollen.
- wollen (to want): ich will, du willst, er will, wir wollen, ihr wollt, sie wollen.
- wissen (to know): ich weiร, du weiรt, er weiร, wir wissen, ihr wisst, sie wissen.
2. Usage and Features
- mรผssen: Indicates a strong necessity or compulsion.
Example: Ich muss es machen. (I must do it / I have to do it.)
- sollen: Expresses an obligation, duty, or a suggestion based on someone else's expectation.
Example: Was soll ich machen? (What should I do?)
- wollen: Expresses a strong desire, intention, or will.
Example: Wir wollen ihn besuchen. (We want to visit him.)
- wissen: Refers to knowing a fact or specific piece of information.
Example: Ich weiร es nicht. (I don't know it.)
3. Omitting the Main Verb
In colloquial German, the main verb is often omitted if it's obvious, especially with verbs of motion (go/drive) or the verb "to do" (tun).
Ich will nach Frankfurt. (I want [to go] to Frankfurt.)
Das kann ich nicht. (I can't [do] that.)