The word dieser is a demonstrative used to point out specific people or objects. It functions similarly to "this" in English and changes its ending based on the gender, number, and case of the noun it refers to.
One of the most important rules is that dieser uses the same endings whether it is used as a determiner (placed before a noun) or as a pronoun (standing alone to replace a noun). It follows the "strong" declension pattern, similar to the definite articles (der, die, das).
Note on the Genitive: In modern German, you may encounter the form diesen in the genitive singular (e.g., Februar diesen Jahres). However, this is considered substandard; dieses remains the grammatically correct standard form (dieses Jahres).
Generally, dieser refers to something physically close, present, or prominent in the current conversation.
As a Determiner: It is common in both spoken and written German.
Dieser Junge arbeitet sehr gut. (This boy works very well.)
Diese Erklรคrung ist unbefriedigend. (This explanation is unsatisfactory.)
As a Pronoun: It is used primarily in written German. In spoken German, speakers often reinforce the proximity by adding hier (here) or da (there).
Er hat den roten Wagen nicht gekauft, weil ihm dieser besser gefallen hat. (He didn't buy the red car because he liked this one better.)
For Emphasis: Sometimes physical distance doesn't matter. Dieser can be used simply to single something out for emphasis, in which case it might translate to "that" in English.
Warum hast du diesen Topf gekauft? (Why did you buy this/that pot?)
The shortened form dies is very common, especially in writing, and often replaces dieses. It is used to refer to a general idea, a situation, or something just mentioned.
Dies geschieht nicht oft. (This does not happen often.)
Gerade dies hatte ich vergessen. (I had forgotten exactly this.)
Like the word das, dies can refer to people or objects regardless of their actual gender or number. If the items being pointed out are plural, the verb must also be plural.
Dies ist meine Frau. (This is my wife.)
Dies sind meine Schwestern. (These are my sisters.)
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